The world’s oldest objection, examined against the evidence.
“If God exists, where does evil come from?” Everyone knows the argument; almost no one has read it. Since 1955, philosophers have turned it into a precision instrument—and then, one after another, buried its strongest version, by the admission of the atheists who had built it.
The living version remains, and it is formidable. This book examines it claim by claim at maximum strength. Mackie, Rowe, Draper, Sterba and Flew are quoted before any response is offered. It then asks the question the dossier had failed to ask: which God are we talking about?
What this book does—and refuses to do
It does not prove God from evil: the failure of a refutation is not a proof. It does not explain any person’s suffering. It does not caricature an opponent. It reaches a finding of insufficient grounds and states what could overturn that finding.
Eighteen questions left open or explicitly conceded are gathered at the end of the volume. The aim is not to conceal the scandal of evil, but to determine exactly what the argument establishes and what it does not establish.
Book Four of The Investigation
This volume follows Who Wrote the Torah?, Who Invented God? and Who Left Egypt?.
- 29 chapters
- 8 appendices
- 342 notes
- A bibliography updated through 2026
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